Инвазионные виды / Растения / Галинзога мелкоцветковая - Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

Систематическое положение (Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Species):

Plantae » Spermatophyta » Dicotyledonae » Asterales » Asteraceae » Galinsoga parviflora

Галинзога мелкоцветковая - Galinsoga parviflora Cav.

Русское и английское названия. Gallant soldier, chickweed; French soldier; Peruvian daisy; quickweed; small-flower galinsoga, галинсога мелкоцветковая, галинзога мелкоцветковая.

Синонимы. Adventina parviflora (Cav.) Raf.; Baziasa microglossa Steud; Galinsoga hirsuta Baker; Galinsoga laciniata Retz.; Galinsoga quinqueradiata Ruiz & Pav.; Sabazia microglossa DC.; Stemmatella sodiroi Hieron.; Vigolina acmella (Roth) Poir.; Wiborgia acmella Roth; Wiborgia parviflora (Cav.) Kunth.

Нативный ареал. Северная Америка, горы Мексики.

Современный ареал (мировой и конкретнее в России). Космополит. Северная Америка, Южная Америка, Европа, Азия, Африка, Австралия. Россия: европейская часть, Новосибирская и Томская области, Алтайский край.

Распространение и инвазионный статус галинзоги мелкоцветковой (Galinsoga parviflora) на территории России. Инвазионный статус вида: 1 — отдельные находки, вид не натурализовался в регионе; 2 — натурализовавшийся; 3 — инвазионный статус не ясен; 4 — инвазионный, расселяется по нарушенным антропогенным местообитаниям; 5 — инвазионный, расселяется по полуестественным и естественным местообитаниям.
© Проект РНФ, № 16-14-10323 (Рук. В.Г. Петросян), ИПЭЭ РАН

Пути(коридоры) и векторы (способы) интродукции. Считается, что расселилась из Ботанического сада Парижа, и Мадрида, где растение культивировалось. С 1798 года галинзога появилась в ботанических садах Германии и Швейцарии. В середине XIX века отмечена в Австрии, Польше и Италии.

В России галинзога мелкоцветковая выращивалась в ботаническом саду С.-Петербурга с 1820 года. В 1831 она была отмечена на рудеральных землях Аптекарского острова (Виноградова и др., 2011), но через некоторое время исчезла. Впоследствии повторно была введена в культуру. Взрывное расширение ареала произошло в 1980-е годы. В Средней России впервые была собрана в Нижнем Новгороде (Маевский, 1917). История расширения ареала на территории России: Московская область – 1951, Брянская – 1971, Владимирская – 1974, Татарстан - 1976, Тверская – 1977, Рязанская - 1977, Калужская – 1979, Нижегородская – 1979, Мордовия – 1983, Воронежская -область - 1983, Чувашия - 1984, Орловская область – 1984, Ивановская – 1992, Белгородская - 1995, Смоленская – 1999, Ульяновская – 1999, Пензенская – 1999, Тамбовская – 2003. Распространена также в Костромской, Липецкой, Ярославской областях. В ходе расширения вторичного ареала период от первого появления вида до натурализации сокращается: в С.-Петербурге начала дичать через 135 лет, В Латвии - через 60 лет, в Костромской области - через 10 лет, в Вологодской - всего через 3 года (Виноградова и др., 2011).

Вероятно, что занесена с американским зерном, засоренным семенами галинзоги. Семена распространяются ветром и по воде.

Местообитание. Встречается в городах и поселках на газонах, в садах, парках, скверах, огородах, на насыпях железных и шоссейных дорог. Предпочитает рыхлые увлажненные богатые гумусом почвы. Сорняк цветников, реже засоренных газонов, встречается на железнодорожных насыпях.

Влияние вида (на другие виды, экосистемы включая лесную и агроценозы, здоровье человека). Сорняк. Значительно заглушает морковь, петрушку, свеклу, картофель, помидоры, засоряет посевы зерновых. Злостный сорняк зерновых культур, пашен и в питомниках лекарственных растений. Обладает высокой конкурентоспособностью и быстро распространяется, что позволяет виду становиться доминантом на нарушенных местообитаниях. Является хозяином для многих насекомых, вирусов и нематод, влияющих на урожай зерновых культур (Kabuce, Priede, 2010)

В некоторых районах Центрального Черноземья внедрилась в лесные сообщества и в травостой донских лугов.

Литература

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Другие ссылки

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DAISIE, 2014. Delivering Alien Invasive Species Inventories for Europe. European Invasive Alien Species Gateway.

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